Read the Beforeitsnews.com story here. Advertise at Before It's News here.
Profile image
Story Views
Now:
Last hour:
Last 24 hours:
Total:

Late Triassic Pholidophorus has close relatives living in the Amazon

% of readers think this story is Fact. Add your two cents.


According to Wikipedia,
“Pholidophorus is an extinct genus of stemteleost fish. Numerous species were assigned to this genus in the past, but only the type species Pholidophorus latiusculus, from the Late Triassic of Europe, is considered to be a valid member of the genus today.”

The tiny holotype of the type species is shown in figure 1.

Recent housekeeping
in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2222 taxa) moves extinct Pholidophorus, and extant Hoplerythrinus (Fig 1) + Pantodon (Fig 2) together, perhaps for the first time. The tiny Triassic taxon is much smaller than the two extant taxa, but otherwise are similar in trait analysis.

According to Wikipedia (continued):
“Pholidophorus was a
herring-like fish about 40 centimetres (16 in) long, although it was not closely related to modern herring. Like them, however, it had a single dorsal fin, a symmetrical tail, and an anal fin placed towards the rear of the body. It had large eyes and was probably a fast-swimming predator, hunting planktonic crustaceans and smaller fish.”

The holotype of the type species (Fig 1) is far smaller than 40cm long.

According to Wikipedia (continued):
“A very early teleost, Pholidophorus had many primitive characteristics such as
ganoid scales and a spine that was partially composed of cartilage, rather than bone.”

This basal ray fin nesting is confirmed by the LRT.

Pholidophorus latiusculus
(Agassiz 1832; holotype, Carnian, Late Triassic) was a herring-like fish with thick ganoid scales and a poorly ossified spine. Traditionally considered an early teleost, here Pholidophorus nests with extant Hoplerythrinus and kin.

Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus
(originally Erythrinus unitaeniatus Spix and Agassiz 1829; 25cm) is the extant gold wolf fish or aimara, found in South American rivers. Like Amia, the bowfin) this taxon does well with stagnant, oxygen-poor water by gulping air.

Pantodon buchholzi
(Peters 1876-7; 13cm) is the extant freshwater butterflyfish. Traditionally considered close to Osteoglossum, here Pantodon nests with Hoplerythrinus. Large pectoral fins and long gracile pectoral rays are large enough to provide a bit of a glide after leaping from the water. This is an air-breathing fish that stays close to the surface. Males have a copulatory organ.

This clade of air-breathers is not related
to air-breathing fish close to the lineage of tetrapods.

This appears to be a novel hypothesis of interrelationships.
If not, please provide a citation so I can promote it here.

References
Agassiz L 1832. Untersuchungen über die fossilen Fische der Lias-Formation. Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, 3, 139–149.
Agassiz L 1845. Monographie de poissons fossiles des Vieux Grès Rouges ou Système Dévonien (Old Red Sandstone) des Îles Britanniques et de Russie. Imprimerie de Petitpierre et Prince, Neuchâtel.
Arratia G 2013. Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic Pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33:1-138.
Peters WKH 1876-7. Über eine merkwürdige von Hrn. Professor Dr. Buchholz entdeckte neue Gattung von Süsswasserfischen, Pantodon buchholzi, welche zugleich eine neue, den Malacopterygii abdominales angehörige Gruppe von Fischen, Pantodontes, repräsentirt. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin 1876: 195-200.

wiki/Pholidophorus
wiki/Hoplerythrinus_unitaeniatus
wiki/Freshwater_butterflyfish – Pantodon


Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2023/03/03/late-triassic-pholidophorus-has-close-relatives-living-in-the-amazon/


Before It’s News® is a community of individuals who report on what’s going on around them, from all around the world.

Anyone can join.
Anyone can contribute.
Anyone can become informed about their world.

"United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.

Before It’s News® is a community of individuals who report on what’s going on around them, from all around the world. Anyone can join. Anyone can contribute. Anyone can become informed about their world. "United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.


LION'S MANE PRODUCT


Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules


Mushrooms are having a moment. One fabulous fungus in particular, lion’s mane, may help improve memory, depression and anxiety symptoms. They are also an excellent source of nutrients that show promise as a therapy for dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. If you’re living with anxiety or depression, you may be curious about all the therapy options out there — including the natural ones.Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend has been formulated to utilize the potency of Lion’s mane but also include the benefits of four other Highly Beneficial Mushrooms. Synergistically, they work together to Build your health through improving cognitive function and immunity regardless of your age. Our Nootropic not only improves your Cognitive Function and Activates your Immune System, but it benefits growth of Essential Gut Flora, further enhancing your Vitality.



Our Formula includes: Lion’s Mane Mushrooms which Increase Brain Power through nerve growth, lessen anxiety, reduce depression, and improve concentration. Its an excellent adaptogen, promotes sleep and improves immunity. Shiitake Mushrooms which Fight cancer cells and infectious disease, boost the immune system, promotes brain function, and serves as a source of B vitamins. Maitake Mushrooms which regulate blood sugar levels of diabetics, reduce hypertension and boosts the immune system. Reishi Mushrooms which Fight inflammation, liver disease, fatigue, tumor growth and cancer. They Improve skin disorders and soothes digestive problems, stomach ulcers and leaky gut syndrome. Chaga Mushrooms which have anti-aging effects, boost immune function, improve stamina and athletic performance, even act as a natural aphrodisiac, fighting diabetes and improving liver function. Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules Today. Be 100% Satisfied or Receive a Full Money Back Guarantee. Order Yours Today by Following This Link.


Report abuse

    Comments

    Your Comments
    Question   Razz  Sad   Evil  Exclaim  Smile  Redface  Biggrin  Surprised  Eek   Confused   Cool  LOL   Mad   Twisted  Rolleyes   Wink  Idea  Arrow  Neutral  Cry   Mr. Green

    MOST RECENT
    Load more ...

    SignUp

    Login

    Newsletter

    Email this story
    Email this story

    If you really want to ban this commenter, please write down the reason:

    If you really want to disable all recommended stories, click on OK button. After that, you will be redirect to your options page.