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Basalmost bony fish and their palaeonscid ancestors

Thursday, June 22, 2023 14:33

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In the fossil-poor Middle Silurian
the lobefin-ish fish clade split apart from the rayfin-ish fish clade (Fig 1). Both clades arose from early palaeoniscids (= basal onychodontids) like little Australosomus and tiny Seinstedtia (phylogenetic miniaturization). The timing of that Middle Silurian radiation is based on the presence of the oldest, but not the most primitive osteichthyan, Late Silurian Guyu.

If you ever wondered about this otherwise undocumented transition in the human lineage, this is it (Fig 1), as told by the largely unchanged Triassic ancestors of those, as yet undiscovered, small to tiny Middle Silurian transitional taxa.

Figure 2. The extant flying gurnard, Dactylopterus, is a close relative of the basal ray-fin fish, Albertonia (figure 1) from the Triassic.

Seinstedtia parva
(Schultze et al 2023, MLU Sei.2010.76, Norian, Triassic, 3.5cm long) is a tiny relative of Australosomus in the LRT with an upturned jawline.

Figure 3. The coelacanth, Latimeria, is the most primitive extant relative of Parasemionotus (figure 1) in the lobefin-ish clade according to the LRT. The gar, Lepisosteus is also a primitive living relative, but it has gone through more overt changes.

THIS is why
the large reptile tree (LRT, 2276) was built. Hopefully it has finally matured into what it was always meant to be: a model for evolutionary events, some hidden by a lack of fossils, or hidden because the fossils are so tiny (Fig 1) in the Middle Silurian.

I encourage all readers to build your own LRT, which is currently a stand alone hypothesis in need of confirmation, refutation or modification.

References
Piveteau J 1930. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 191: 456 pp.
Priem F 1924. Paleontologie de Madagascar. XII. Les Poissons fossiles. Ann. Paleont., vol. 13: 105–132.
Schultze H-P, Arratia G, Hauschke N and Wilde V 2023. Osteichthyan Fishes from the Uppermost Norian (Triassic) of the Fuchsberg near Seinstedt, Lower Saxony (Germany). Diversity 2022, 14, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110901
Zhu M, Zhao W, Jia Lu J, Qiao T and Qu Q 2009. The oldest articulated osteichthyan reveals mosaic gnathostome characters. Nature 458:469-474.

wiki/Guiyu
wiki/Australosomus
wiki/Seinstedtia – not listed yet

Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2023/06/23/basalmost-bony-fish-and-their-palaeonscid-ancestors/

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