Propalaeotherium, a pre-rhino with four fingers and three toes, enters the LRT
Known from articulated skeletons
recovered from the Eocene Messel Pit formation, a very primitive rhino, Propalaeotherium (Figs 1, 2) enters the large reptile tree (LRT, 2276 taxa, subset Fig 3) basal to Hyrachyus + rhinos + brontotheres. Hyracodon is the outgroup taxa. Mesohippus + extant horses + extinct paraceratheres are members of a sister clade leading to extant horses and giant extinct horses.
According to Wikipedia,
Propalaeotherium (Figs 1, 2) is perissodactyl that “some studies aligned with horses”. Others did not. The compressed, tall cervicals and short legs are rhino traits. By contrast, horses have extended, low cervicals and long legs. These traits also appear on Mesohippus and its galloping descendants (Fig 3).
This appears to be a novel hypothesis on interrelationships.
If not, please provide a citation so I can promote it here.
References
Cuvier G 1824. Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles,
Gervis P 1840. Zoologie et paléontologie françaises
Haupt O 1925. Die Paläohippiden der eocänen Süßwasserablagerungen von Messei bei Darmstadt.- Abh. hess. geol. Landesanstalt, 6 (4): 1-159, 29 Taf.; Darmstadt.
Hellmund M 2005. A three dimensional reconstruction of the Middle Eocene Propalaeotherium hassiacum Haupt 1925 (Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) and a modern synoptic painting of some individuals within their habitat. Kaupia. Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte, 14: 15–20; Darmstadt.
Marsh OC 1875. Notice of new Tertiary mammals, IV. American Journal of Science 9(51):239-250.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2023/06/27/propalaeotherium-a-pre-rhino-with-four-fingers-and-three-toes-enters-the-lrt/
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