An overlooked comparison: Esox and a juvenile Arapaima
are slow-moving, predator river fish. Esox (the pike, Fig 1) swims North American, European and Siberian rivers. Arapaima (Fig 1) is found in the warmer waters of the Amazon in South America.
Figure 1. Comparing an adult pike (Esox) to a growth series of Arapaima.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=155″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=529″ class=”size-full wp-image-84932″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=584&h=1131″ alt=”Figure 1. Comparing an adult pike (Esox) to a growth series of Arapaima. ” width=”584″ height=”1131″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=584&h=1131 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=77&h=150 77w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif?w=155&h=300 155w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/arapaima_esox588.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Comparing an adult pike (Esox) to a growth series of Arapaima.
Esox is a member of the Esociformes. Arapaima is a member of the unrelated Osteoglossiformes.
in the large reptile tree something like extant Arapaima gave rise to European eels, Atlantic salmon, pike, barracuda and a long list of other taxa in the LRT. Osteoglosssum nests elsewhere.
to a young (though still large) Arapaima is notable (Fig 1. Apparently this has been overlooked by taxonomists. In the LRT the two taxa are separated by Salmo, the salmon., a smaller, faster predator that only spawns in rivers. The pike shifts the orbit posteriorly and loses 90 percent of the circumorbital ring.
likely occurred in the Mesozoic. A last common ancestor in the LRT is the bowfin, Amia, which had a South American sister in Calamopleurus.
Cuvier G 1816. Le Règne Animal distribué d’après son organisation pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Edition 1 [Work generally dated 1817; published before 2 December 1816 according to Roux, Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 8(1): 31]. 2( i-xviii): 1-532, [Pls. 9-10, in v. 4].
Müller JP 1843. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der natürlichen Familien der Fische. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 9: 292–330.
Mitchell SL 1824. Mirror 1824: 297.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/03/19/an-overlooked-comparison-esox-and-a-juvenile-arapaima/
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