Anchovies, Pachycormiformes and Osteoglossiformes
Here is a series of fish
(Fig 1) demonstrating a subset of the recovered order in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2312 taxa) from Engraulis (the extant anchovy) to Pachycormiformes to Osteoglossiformes. Speedy, little Boresomus nests somewhere in the middle, likely as the phylogenetically miniaturized taxon at the base of the palatal innovation. that marks the clade (not all fossils expose this).
Linking large clades is difficult.
That’s why the LRT was created and continues to make corrections and grow.
Figure 1. A subset of taxa recovered by the LRT from Engraulis to Pachycormiformes.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg?w=51″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg?w=174″ class=”size-full wp-image-84659″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg?w=584&h=3432″ alt=”Figure 1. A subset of taxa recovered by the LRT from Engraulis to Pachycormiformes.” width=”584″ height=”3432″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg?w=584&h=3432 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg?w=51&h=300 51w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/sauropsis-pachycormiformes588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. A subset of taxa recovered by the LRT from Engraulis to Pachycormiformes and Osteoglossiformes. See figure 2 for a node split that led to higher Pachycormiformes.
According to Wikipedia,
“Boreosomus is an extinct genus of [Early] Triassic ray-finned fish.”
Usually Wikipedia is more helpful. There are so many ray-finned fish to relate to. Let’s use the LRT to narrow that range down.
Figure 2. Pachycormus and its pachycormiform descendants, including Sauropsis.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg?w=128″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg?w=437″ class=”wp-image-84661 size-full” src=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg?w=584″ alt=”Figure 2. Pachycormus and its pachycormiform descendants, including Saurichthys.” srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg 588w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg?w=64&h=150 64w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/pachycormus_descendants588.jpg?w=128&h=300 128w” sizes=”(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px” />
Figure 2. Pachycormus and its pachycormiform descendants, including Sauroichthys
Here,
(Fig 1) in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2312 taxa) Boreosomus is a basal member of the Pachycormiformes, a clade of generally large and fast marine fish. It was derived from anchovies, like Engraulis (Fig 1).
According to Wikipedia,
“Pachycormiformes is an extinct order of marine ray-finned fish known from the Early Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous… often they have been considered to be the sister group of the Aspidorhynchiformes (which include the derived LRT pachycormiform, Aspidorhynchus (Fig 1 bottom).
Finding overlooked interrelationships,
even if it takes years, is what the LRT does best, despite the freshman fumblings of its author. Seeing and discovering how evolution weaves taxa together is rewarding enough – without the headaches, worries and politics of teaching, mentoring, grant seeking and publishing.
References
Priem F 1924. Paleontologie de Madagascar. XII. Les Poissons fossiles. Ann. Paleont., vol. 13: 105–132.
Woodward AS 1912. Notes on some fish-remains from the Lower Trias of Spitzbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala 11:291-297.
wiki/Pachycormiformes
wiki/Boreosomus
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/03/02/anchovies-pachycormiformes-and-osteoglossiformes/
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