Prolacertoides and Procynosuchus: perhaps an overlooked interrelationship
Yang 1973 described
the front half of an Early Triassic skull (Fig 1) and named it Prolacertoides because Yang thought it was most like the protorosaur archosauromorph, Prolacerta.
Figure 1. Prolacertoides compared to Procynosuchus. The posterior half of the skull is restored due to lack of data in Prolacertoides. The palate is largely complete. The mandible of Procynosuchus is a good match for the maxilla and qudrate in Prolaceroides. If there is a better match, let us know!
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-85006″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=584&h=560″ alt=”Figure 1. Prolacertoides compared to Procynosuchus. The posterior half of the skull is restored due to lack of data in Prolacertoides. The palate is largely complete. The mandible of Procynosuchus is a good match for the maxilla and qudrate in Prolaceroides. If there is a better match, let us know!” width=”584″ height=”560″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=584&h=560 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=150&h=144 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif?w=300&h=288 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/prolacertoides-procynosuchus588.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Prolacertoides compared to Procynosuchus. The posterior half of the skull is restored due to lack of data in Prolacertoides. The palate is largely complete and includes a wide maxillary process. The mandible of Procynosuchus is a good match for the maxilla and qudrate in Prolaceroides. If there is a better match, let us know!
Ezcurra 2016
studied Prolacertoides in his report on basal archosariformes, like Proterosuchus. Published images were large and in 4-color. Prolacertoides was considered then excluded from most of Ezcurra’s several analyses, which focused on more complete taxa. Contra Yang 1973, no phylogenetic tests by Ezcurra nested it with Prolacerta.
Adding Prolacertoides to various subsets of the LRT
nested it with pre-softshell turtles, Triceratops and Procynosuchus (Fig 1). The latter was selected as most reasonable in terms of chronology, size and morphology.
A cladogram will nest every included taxon, so try to include only relevant taxa. In this case, the subdivided LRT nested Prolacertoides three times because it was tested three times with three different taxon lists.
Prolacertoides jimusarensis
(Yang 1973, Ezcurra 2016, Early Triassic, China) is known from an anterior skull only, originally considered close to Prolacerta. Ezcurra 2016 added it to his study on basal archosauriforms and proterosuchids. Here Prolacertoides nests with Procynosuchus at the base of the Cynodontia and within Therapsida and Synapsida. A broken canine is repaired here.
Lycosuchus and Abdalodon (Fig 2) are outgroup taxa in the TST.
Figure 1. Abdalodon nests with the many times larger therocephalian Lycosuchus in the LRT.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=200″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-36493″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=584&h=875″ alt=”Figure 1. Abdalodon nests with the many times larger therocephalian Lycosuchus in the LRT.” width=”584″ height=”875″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=584&h=875 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=100&h=150 100w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg?w=200&h=300 200w, https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/lycosuchus_color588-2.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Abdalodon nests with the many times larger therocephalian Lycosuchus in the LRT.
This appears to be a novel hypothesis of interrelationships.
If not, please provide a citation so I can promote it here. If you have a better taxonomic match for Prolacertoides, let us know so corrections can be made.
References
Broom R 1937. A Further Contribution to our Knowledge of the Fossil Reptiles of the Karroo: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1937, series B, p. 299-318.
Ezcurra MD 2016. The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. PeerJ 4:e1778; DOI 10.7717/peerj.1778
Kemp TS 1979. The primitive cynodont Procynosuchus: functional anatomy of the skull and relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 285:73–122.
Kemp TS 1980. The primitive cynodont Procynosuchus: structure, function, and evolution of the postcranial skeleton. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 288: 217–258.
Yang C 1973. The Discovery of Prolacertilia in Jimusar, Sinkiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 11(1):46–49.
wiki/Procynosuchus
wiki/Prolacertoides
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/03/24/prolacertoides-and-procynosuchus-perhaps-an-overlooked-interrelationship/
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