Standard view of dark energy could be wrong

The basic assumption of standard cosmology is that dark energy is constantw with respect to time. It has turned out that this need  not be the case: there are indications that dark energy evolves with time (see this).

This is almost what TGD  predicts. In the TGD Universe, dark energy however evolves with   scale rather than with Minkowski time. Due to the extended conformal  the time evolution is replaced by scale evolution invariance at the fundamental level. This is the case also in string models (see this).  

The twistor lift of TGD predicts that the counterpart of the  dark energy in the TGD Universe is the sum of two contributions in the action whose extremals space-times of M⁴× CP²  as minimal surfaces satisfying holography  are. The contributions come from Kähler action and volume term. The coefficient of the volume term corresponds to cosmological constant Λ  depending on p-adic scale and approaches zero at infinite scale. Number theoretical physics dual of geometrized physics is needed to understand the origin of p-adic length scales. In standard physics one cannot assign scale to a physical system. In TGD this is possible and led already around 1995 to very precise predictions for elementary particle masses involving only p-adic primes characterizing the p-adic scale of the particle besides the quantum numbers of the particle.

In short scales Λ is huge  as the standard cosmology predicts but in long length scales Λgoes to zero like the inverse of the p-adic length scale squared. This solves the problem of cosmological constant and in standard cosmology one also gets rid of the predicted catastrophic  ripping of 3-space to pieces. In TGD the 3-space consists of disjoint pieces although the space-time surface  as a quantum coherence region is connected.

An  alternative way to see the length scale dependence  is in terms of decay of cosmic strings to ordinary matter as  the TGD counterpart of inflation. Cosmic strings are 4-D space-time surfaces having 2-D M⁴ projection and are critical  against thickening to monopole magnetic flux tubes. In this process their energy identified as dark energy is reduced and transformed to ordinary matter.  The reductions of string tension can take place also for the flux tubes as phase transitions and correspond to periods of accelerated expansion.

See for intance this .

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.