New Cambrian taxon links velvet worms to arthropods
Aria and Caron 2024 reported,
“Defining the megaphylum Arthropoda, the arthrodization of appendages, or arthropodization, likely predated that of the body, the combination of both being diagnostic of true arthropods (Euarthropoda) – all of these innovations occurring during the Cambrian explosion. Here, thanks to dozens of exceptionally preserved fossils from the Cambrian Wuliuan Stage Burgess Shale (Tulip Beds locality on Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada), we show that a distinct but comparable system of imbricated sclerotic elements evolved in the paraphyletic sister group of arthropods, the lobopodians.”
Lobopodians can include velvet worms, tardigrades and anomalocarids.
Clade definitions vary. This clade extends from the Cambrian to the present day.
Figure 1. Entothyreos_synnaustrus from the Burgess Shale. Colors added here.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/entothyreos_synnaustrus588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/entothyreos_synnaustrus588.jpg?w=584″ tabindex=”0″ role=”button” class=”size-full wp-image-86925″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/entothyreos_synnaustrus588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Entothyreos_synnaustrus from the Burgess Shale. Colors added here.” width=”584″ height=”534″ />
Figure 1. Entothyreos synnaustrus from the Burgess Shale. Colors added here. Note the 4 pairs of segmented mouth parts (dark yellow) and antennae (white) while the remaining appendages are unsegmented. Compare to Anomalocaris in figure 2. Here the mouth would be central and ventral to the mouth parts = anterior limbs. This limb pattern is repeated in butterfly caterpillars. See figure 3.
Not going to spend much time on this topic.
The graphics (Figs 1–3) should be informative.
Figure 1. Possible evolution of Anomalocaris after phylogenetic bracketing between flatworms and trilobites.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mesostoma-anomalocaris_diagram588.jpg?w=116″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mesostoma-anomalocaris_diagram588.jpg?w=396″ tabindex=”0″ role=”button” class=”size-full wp-image-48252″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mesostoma-anomalocaris_diagram588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Possible evolution of Anomalocaris after phylogenetic bracketing between flatworms and trilobites.” width=”584″ height=”1511″ />
Figure 1. Possible evolution of Anomalocaris after phylogenetic bracketing between flatworms and trilobites from 2020, link below.
As in chordates,
which begin with simple lancelets and hagfish (our ancestors), this clade of Lobopodia (Figs 1–3) evolved and evolved to the present day, producing derived taxa while leaving some taxa in their primitive form.
Entothyreos synnaustrus (Fig 1) was expected given present parameters.
The deep genetic connection (= reversal) in moth caterpillars is interesting, and apparently overlooked by the authors.
Figure 3. The evolution of moths back to their trilobite ancestors. See figure 2 for the ancestors of trilobites. See figure 1 to compare the moth caterpillar to the new Cambrian lobopod, Entothyreos synnaustrus.
This has been yet another shallow dive into invertebrates.
We’ll get back to the vertebrates tomorrow.
References
Aria C and Caron J-B 2024. Deep origin of articulation strategies in panarthropods: evidence from a new luolishaniid lobopodian (Panarthropoda) from the Tulip Beds, Burgess Shale. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 22(1) online
wiki/Lobopodia
wiki/Arthropod
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/06/24/new-cambrian-taxon-links-velvet-worms-to-arthropods/
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