Could inflation really explain the very early super massive blackholes?

I visited Räsänen’s blog (see this) and found a posting related to inflation theory.

The posting told about Jacopo Fumagalli’s talk at the cosmology seminar of the Department of Physics of the University of Helsinki. The topic of the talk was the controversy between inflationary theorists that has lasted for years. I have already previously clarified for myself the analogies between inflationary theory and TGD (see this, this, andthis) and I will try to clarify my thoughts again.

First, a short, slightly edited summary that Google gives of inflationary theory. The cosmic inflation, producing a huge bubble containing the observable universe, lasted for a cosmic time about 10^-32 seconds, which is about 10¹¹ Planck times about 10^-43 seconds. At the end of cosmic inflation, the “bubbles” that form are incredibly large, with the observable universe contained within a single bubble. The universe’s size is estimated to have increased by a factor of 10⁵⁰ during inflation. This means a region the size of a proton expanded to a size of 10¹⁹ light-years. The huge expansion meant that all gradients disappeared and this explains why CMB temperature is constant in precision of 10^-5.

Here is a list of the basic assumptions.

1. Cosmic inflation is characterized by an extremely rapid, exponential expansion of the very early universe.
2. Inflation doesn’t end everywhere at once. Instead, it ends in patches, or “bubbles,” within the larger inflating space.
3. The size of these bubbles at the end of inflation is enormous. According to the CMS Experiment, the universe went from the size of a proton to a vast expanse of 10¹⁹ light-years. UCLA Astronomy notes that even with this expansion, the observable universe is still relatively small compared to the overall size of the bubble.
4. The observable universe, which is what we can see and study, is just a tiny fraction of a single bubble.
5. The theory of eternal inflation suggests that inflation continues forever throughout much of the universe, creating an infinite multiverse of these bubbles, each potentially with its own physical laws.

Within the framework of the inflationary theory, attempts have also been made to understand dark matter by identifying dark matter as primordial black holes (see this), whose upper mass limit is from empirical facts of the order of 10^-18 solar masses and corresponds to a Schwartzschildt radius of about 10^-15 meters, or the Compton wavelength of a proton. This idea does not conform with the idea that the fluctuations of the mass density are Gaussian and approach to zero with an exponential rate during inflation.

When JWST found evidence for supermassive black holes in the very early universe, it was a natural attempt to identify them as an outcome of inflation (see this). Now the blackhole masses can be on the order of the Milky Way mass, or about 1.5× 10¹² solar masses. The radius of the Schwartzchild would be of the order of 4.5× 10¹⁵ km, which is of the order of 10³ light-years (ly=9.46× 10¹² km).

Such a black hole would be created by a quantum fluctuation in the energy density of the inflaton field due to a curvature fluctuation. The spatial size scale of these curvature fluctuations would be about 10³³ times the size of the fluctuations for the primordial blackholes proposed to explain primordial blackholes.

But can we talk about quantum coherence and quantum fluctuations at this huge scale when even the theory of quantum gravitation is missing? It has been argued that fluctuations on a smaller scale destroy quantum coherence at much longer scales, which are truly enormous in relation to the size of primordial black holes (the size of a proton as the upper limit). Inflation theorists have argued about this for years, and according to Räsänen’s posting, the view has now been reached that it does indeed work. The fact that these black hole-like objects seem to be real, certainly makes it easier to accept this view. The unpleasant alternative would be to abandon the entire inflation theory. In terms of career development this option is not attractive.

It is instructive to compare inflation theoretic narrative with the TGD view. The TGD view of cosmic evolution relies on the new view of space-time. Space-times are 4-D surfaces in H=M⁴× CP₂. Holography= holomorphy principle makes it possible to reduce the field equations to completely local algebraic equations (see this) and also the Dirac equation for fermions in H=M⁴× CP₂ can be solved exactly. If M⁴ is assumed to have a generalized K”ahler structure, the field equations predict that colored fermions have mass of order of CP₂ mass, which is of order 10^-4 Planck masses. Also a mechanism, which allows the construction of massless color singlets, which get small mass by p-adic thermodynamics (see this), emerges.

The highly non-trivial prediction, in conflict with QCD picture, is that massless (and light) quarks and gluons are impossible. This means the model for the g-2 of muon must be based on data about hardons rather than lattice QCD so that the g-2 anomaly is actual (see this). TGD predicts the new physics which might explain the anomaly. It is clear that this picture challenges the views about cosmic evolution.

1. The starting point of also TGD based cosmology could have been the approximate constancy of the CMB. In inflationary cosmology the exponential expansion is believed to solve this problem.

In TGD the solution is the possibility of quantum coherence in arbitrarily long scales. This follows the hierarchy of effective Planck constants predicted by the number-theoretic vision of physics complementary to the geometric vision. Exponential expansion is not needed in the TGD framework. The implications of this hierarchy are central also for the TGD view of consciousness and quantum biology.

Zero energy ontology (ZEO) (see this) makes it possible to solve the basic mystery of quantum measurement theory without interpreting. ZEO predicts that in the ordinary state function reduction the arrow of time changes. This could have dramatic implications also for the evolution of galaxies. Living forth and back in geometric time could have given rise to a very rapid galactic evolution and could explain stars and galaxies older than the Universe.

TGD view of space-time predicts that cosmic strings as 4-D surfaces with string world sheet as M⁴ projection and complex 2-surface as CP₂ projection are possible. The very early cosmology would be cosmic string dominated. Einsteinian space-time with 4-D M⁴ projection would have emerged rather early, maybe at the same time as inflation would have ended.

The cosmic strings could explain how it is possible to see the objects in the very early Universe. Cosmic strings/flux tubes would form an analog of a communication network along which photons with large h_eff behaving like dark photons would propagate in a precisely targeted way and without dissipation.

The transition to radiation dominated cosmology would have been due to the instability of the 2-dimensional M⁴ projection and the collisions of cosmic strings would have led to the liberation of their dark energy as ordinary matter as the cosmic strings thickened to monopole flux tubes and formed tangles along long cosmic strings identifiable as galaxies. This does not require exponential increase of the thickness of the cosmic strings. The magnetic fields of monopole flux tubes are possible with currents and could explain the stability of magnetic fields in cosmic scales and also that of the Earth’s magnetic field. Importantly, gravitational condensation of ordinary matter would not have created galaxies and stars. The process would have proceeded from long to short scales and eventually generated ordinary matter.

Eventually this process would have led to the formation of quasars, galaxies and blackhole and whitehole like objects with opposite arrow of time could be naturally associated with the galactic nuclei. These objects would tangles of monopole flux tubes filling the entire volume rather than singularities of the theory. This would have occurred much later. Cosmic strings precedessors of the galaxies would have been present already in the primordial cosmology.

The recent finding that the origin of CMB might relate to the rapid formation of the very early large galaxies forces us to reconsider the standard narrative about cosmic evolution. I have discussed this from the TGD perspective in (see this and this). TGD also challenges the standard view about QCD, hadron physics, nuclear physics and the physics of the Sun (see this and this). For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.

Source: https://matpitka.blogspot.com/2025/06/could-inflation-really-explain-very.html