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Cosmic birefringence in TGD framework

Sunday, August 23, 2026 8:04

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In Big Think Ethan Siegel has an article titled “Cosmic birefringence: the signal that could upend cosmology” (see this.

Ordinary birefringence in condensed matter occurs because orthogonal linear polarizations travel with different velocities. This causes phase difference between polarizations visible as a rotation of the polarization plane.

Cosmic birefringence occurs because circular polarizations travel with different velocities.

The reason why for circular polarizations is that initial polarizations are linear with a fixed direction caused by the density perturbations (E-mode) with quadrupole character.

E-mode polarization is generated by density perturbations such as sound waves, which are scalars. Quadrupole (4 poles) is realized as two pairs of sources of radiation in orthogonal directions and photons coming from these sources experience Thomson scattering from charged particles such as electrons. The scattering is dominantly in right angles. If the other source is more intense (hotter) the polarization (as statistical parameter) is linear and along the axis connecting the more intense source pair.

Also B-mode polarization is in principle possible and would be created by gravitational waves interacting with matter and inducing to the energy momentum tensor non-diagonal components. This would cause B-modes for which the distribution of scattering angles are characterized by spherical harmonics Y₂^+/-2 rather than Y₂^+/-1,0 as for E-modes. Y₂^+/-2 has characteristic sin(2φ) or cos(2φ) dependence implying cross-shaped polarization pattern with 4 angle maxima.

Cosmic birefringence would emerge in the following way. The original linear polarization can be expressed as the sum of circular polarizations. These travel with different velocities and this causes a phase shift. When the polarizations combine in a telescope, the resulting linear polarization is rotated by some angle by interference. Quantum effect in cosmic scales is in question and would require a revolution in cosmology and entire quantum physics. The TGD explanation involves two new elements.

Quantum coherence is required in arbitrarily long, even cosmological length scales. The hierarchy of Planck constants, which includes gravitational Planck constant, makes this possible. So called massless extremals (MEs) as geometric counterparts of massless radiation realize precisely targeted propagation of photons along MEs as dark photons. Darkness means a very large value of gravitational Planck constant making possible very long quantum coherence length. The MEs can be also associated with the monopole flux tubes arriving from distant sources.

Also a polarization dependent light-velocity is required. The basic difference between GRT and TGD is the possibility of warping.

Warped space-time surfaces are flat like Minkowski space but the light-velocity is reduced because 3-space can be said to rotate along CP₂ geodesic. This effect occurs also for the fermion lines associated with the 3-D light-like parton orbits containing them.
Fermion line is a light-like geodesic of H = M⁴×CP₂ and also of space-time surface but its M⁴ projection is time-like geodesic of M⁴ and characterized by mass. Therefore warping gives rise to a space-time description of particle massivation.

Also Allais anomaly and the variation of gravitational constant could be understood (see this). In condensed matter physics refraction and reflection of light would involve change of the reduced light-velocity at the boundary between differently warped space-time regions.

Space-time surfaces are small deformations of these warped gravitational vacua (for warped gravitational vacua the g_tt component of the induced metric is constant deviating from unity and defines constant gravitational potential as analog of constant electric potential). Warping can be generalized to the level of Hamilton-Jacobi structure and the warping at the fermion lines determines the reduced light velocity characterizing warping for the space-time sheet assignable to the particle. Cosmic birefringence would emerge in the following way. The MEs assigned to the photons arriving from a distant source are different from opposite circular polarizations because ME allows only single polarization which can be local. The linear polarized ME can be decomposed to a superposition of MEs with circular polarizations and the photons associated with these MEs propagate with different velocity and cause the rotation of the polarization plane observed in the measurement in which linear polarization is the outcome.

Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.

Source: https://matpitka.blogspot.com/2026/08/cosmic-birefringence-in-tgd-framework.html

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