AI Decodes 217-Year-Old Napoleon Cipher in Just Six Hours
A coded letter sent on Napoleon Bonaparte’s orders in March 1809 has finally been read, 217 years after it was written. The breakthrough came not from a professional cryptographer but from Carter Church, an AI engineer at the cybersecurity firm Sentinel One, who turned OpenAI’s GPT-6 Astra loose on the document and had a solution in about six hours. What emerged was a secret military briefing written two weeks before Austria invaded Bavaria, listing French, Bavarian, Polish and Saxon positions on the eve of war.
A Cipher That Defeated Every Codebreaker for 217 Years
The letter survived only through a single reproduction in a 1969 French army journal, the Revue historique des Armées, printed under the wrong date. Its opening line is ordinary French — “You must have received, General Marmont, my letters of the 8th, 14th and 20th of this month” — but the twenty-four rows beneath it hold 1,300 cipher units of two-digit numbers, stray letters, Greek characters and some seventy hand-drawn marks with no printed equivalent.
It is a homophonic cipher, the kind of system that buries undeciphered codes beyond the reach of frequency counting: common letters carried several interchangeable signs, so no two E’s in a row need look alike. As Church explains in his published write-up, only thirty-three values had ever been documented, by the French cryptology historian Daniel Tant — roughly a third of the text. “Several researchers had tried over the decades to reconstruct the document’s contents, but none had published a full decipherment,” Euronews reported.
www.Ancient-Origins.net – Reconstructing the story of humanity’s past
Source: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/napoleon-cipher-00103227
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