Green Tea Polyphenols Inhibit Colonic Inner Lining Inflammation That Causes Colitis

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea processed bioactive polyphenols may have a therapeutic and profound effect in inhibited colonic inner lining inflammation that cause colitis, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

Colitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon as a result of infection, inflammation caused by other bowel diseases.

The disease in most cases is caused by infection, due to food poisoning, parasites or bacteria and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s diseaermse, ulcerative colitis).

However, colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis can also be caused long term intake in antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin,…..and penicillins.

According to years of study, colitis is closely correlated to patients family history, environmental factors as industrialization, urban settings, and northern geographical latitudes…. and ethnicity.

Some researchers suggested that colitis (ulcerative colitis) also associated to some psychological factors. Rev. John B. Murray at the St. John University, said, “Almost 50 yeas ago ulcerative colitis was included among the seven classical psychosomatic diseases” and “However, for the past decade the psychogenic approach to this disorder has been replaced by physiological and immunological explanations and treatments”(4).

Most common symptoms of colitis are diarrhea, often with blood or pus, abdominal pain and cramping,….. rectal pain and bleeding. In severe cases, the disease can lead to life-threatening complications of perforated colon, severe dehydration, liver disease,…. and osteoporosis.

Anti-inflammatory conventional medicine used as the first line of treatment of colitis may be effective, however, prolonged period of intake may cause side effects such as stomach pain and heartburn. headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears,… and allergy to skin.

In serious case,  the medicine can lead to stomach ulcers, hypertension,….. and liver or kidney problems. 

If you are taking such medicine, please make sure you discuss the side effects with your doctor.

In the comparison of the effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG and 
Piper nigrum (L.) alkaloid piperine in mice colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate randomly assigned to a daily oral administration of 6.9 mg/kg body weight EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine (2.9 mg/kg body weight) or the combination of the both with piperine used in the combination to enhance the bioavailability of EGCG and untreated controls, researchers at the Münster University Hospital showed that
* Mice groups treated with the combination demonstrate a significant effect in reduced weight loss and improve over all survival in compared to non treatment group.
*  EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine or the combination of piperine and EGCG also exert a significant effect in blocking histological damages to the colon and decreasing tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, an indication of decreased oxidative stress.

According to neutrophils accumulation assay, application of green tea EGCG and piperine displayed a strong activity in reduced ROS expression in induction of lipid peroxidation through activation of expression of antioxidant enzymes in host  tissue such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPO).

Further examining also found that the combined ingredients  alsoinhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Dr. Brückner M, after taking into account of other con-founders suggested, “the concept of anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG being generally beneficial in the DSS-model of colitis”.

Interestingly, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, application of green tea EGCG (3.2 mg/g) as a source of drinking fluid for 3 days, researchers found that EGCG application exhibits a significant effect in ameliorated of colon shortening and spleen enlargement caused by injection of DSS and modulated the production of levels inflammatory cytokines of of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and 

Interleukin 6 (IL-6), which plays the important roles in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to acute and chronic infections.

Further more, green tea oral administration also decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, a cell signaling protein in activated systemic inflammation and pro inflammatory cytokines in acute phase of reaction and inhibited ROS expression colonic lipid peroxides through antioxidant activity.

Moreover, the bioactive polyphenol EGCG also improved the small intestinal function in reduced leaky gut, associated to risk of increase the number of harmful compounds entering the bloodstream.

Further analysis of green tea efficacy in treatment of colitis, researchers discovered that green tea EGCG also induced weight loss through binding on the surface of the small intestine in decreased protein and lipid digestion.

In additional evaluation of green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine activity in colitis induced by injection of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to cause deficiency of IL-10 in BALB/c mice, researchers at the University of Kentucky, showed that the combined administration significantly ameliorates colonic damage and histological scores and decreases expression of the inflammatory markers TNFα (3-fold), IL-6 (14-fold) as mentioned above.

Importantly, treated mice with both green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine also expressed a huge improvement in antioxidant capacity in inhibition of ROS in initiated chain reaction to facilitate of plagues formation and inflammation, observed by activity of bio maker lectin levels.

The information findings suggested that green tea with abundantly selective bioactive polyphenols may be considered as a functional food for prevention and treatment of colitis.

Intake of green tea supplement should be taken with exceptional care as acute liver toxicity was reported in numbers of case.

However, further data  collection on large example size and multi centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of green tea and green tea’ polyphenols anti colitis possibilities.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it’s news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada – Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate shows therapeutic antioxidative effects in a murine model of colitis by Brückner M1, Westphal S, Domschke W, Kucharzik T, Lügering A.(PubMed)
(2) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases colonic inflammation and permeability in a mouse model of colitis, but reduces macronutrient digestion and exacerbates weight loss by Bitzer ZT1, Elias RJ1, Vijay-Kumar M2, Lambert JD3,4.(PubMed)
(3) Green Tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have Parallel Anti-Inflammatory Properties in ColitisModels by Oz HS1, Chen T, de Villiers WJ.(PubMed)
(4) Psychological Factors in Ulcerative Colitis by Rev. John B. Murray