Dating and Picking a Pet: The Heart Doesn't Always Know What it Wants

Picking a pet and dating

Psychologists at Indiana University who study how people pick their spouses have turned their attention to another important relationship: choosing a canine companion.

 Cohen surveys the preferences of people who visited dogs at an animal shelter.

 Photo by Cadence Baugh Chang, Indiana University

Although most participants in the dog adoption study listed many traits they preferred — with “friendliness” as the most popular — they ultimately selected dogs most consistent with just a few preferences, like age and playfulness, suggesting that others, like color or purebred status, exerted less influence on decision-making.

There was also another parallel to the world of dating. In short: Looks matter.

“As multiple psychologists have shown in speed-dating experiments, physical attractiveness is very important,” Cohen said. “Most people think they’ve got a handsome or good-looking dog.”

In the article, Cohen outlines some challenges facing aspiring dog-owners:

• Focusing on “the one”: Although adopters often came to the shelter with a vision of the perfect pet, Cohen said many risked missing a good match due to overemphasis on specific physical and personality traits. For example, an adopter who wants an Irish wolfhound because they’re large, loyal and light shedders might fail to consider a non-purebred with the same qualities.
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• Mismatched perceptions: Surprisingly, adopters and shelters often used different traits to describe the same dog. These included subjective traits, such as obedience and playfulness, as well as seemingly objective traits, such as color.
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• Missed signals: People who have never had a dog may not grasp the implications of certain behaviors. A dog seen as “playful” at the shelter may come across as “destructive” in a small home, for example.
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• Performance anxiety: Shelters are high-stress environments for dogs, whose personalities may shift when they’re more relaxed at home. Picking a dog based upon personality at the shelter is akin to choosing a date based on how well they perform while public speaking, Cohen said.

Photo by Cadence Baugh Chang, Indiana University

To improve pet adoptions, Cohen said animal shelters need to know that people tend to rely on certain traits more strongly when choosing a dog, which might make it easier to match adopters to dogs. She also suggested shelters consider interventions, such as temporary placement in a calmer environment, to help stressed or under-socialized dogs put their best paw forward, showing their typical level of desirable traits, such as friendliness.

Finally, Cohen advises caution about online adoption, since adopters are dependent upon someone else’s description of the dogs. She suggests users limit their search criteria to their most desired traits to avoid filtering out a good match based upon less important preferences.

The study was supported in part by an IU Graduate and Professional Student Government Research Award.

Contacts and sources:
Kevin Fryling / Elizabeth Rosdeitcher
Indiana University

Citation: Stated and revealed preferences in companion animal choice.
Samantha E. Cohen, Peter M. Todd. Behavior Research Methods, 2019; DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01253-x