Early DNA Lineages from Finland Shed Light on the Diverse Origins of the Contemporary Population
Credit: University of Helsinki
In the study, genes were investigated from archaeological bone samples of more than one hundred individuals who lived between the 4th and 19th centuries AD. Most of the samples originated in the Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is passed down by mothers to all of their offspring, was extracted from the individuals, thus uncovering the population history of women.
Based on the findings, the people who inhabited Finland in the Iron Age (approximately 300–1300 AD) and the Middle Ages (approximately 1200–1500 AD) shared mitochondrial lineages with today’s Finns. However, significant differences were seen in the genome of individuals buried in different burial sites in the Iron Age in particular. mtDNA lineages typical of Stone Age hunter-gatherers were common among those buried in Luistari, Eura (southwest Finland), and Kirkkailanmäki, Hollola (southern Finland). In Kylälahti, Hiitola (Republic of Karelia, Russia) and Tuukkala, Mikkeli (eastern Finland), the most common findings were lineages characteristic of ancient European farmer populations. The fifth Iron Age burial site included in the study is located in Levänluhta, western Finland. Many of the individuals buried there represented mtDNA lineages associated with the modern Sámi.
Credit: Stanislav Belskiy
“All of the above originally independent lineages remain common in Finland to this day. This indicates that the studied Iron Age populations have had an impact on the gene pool of contemporary Finns,” says doctoral student Sanni Översti from the Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki.
The researchers posit that the differences found in the Iron Age populations of western and eastern Finland are opposite to those found in today’s Finns: the lineages associated with ancient farmers were more common in the east, while the lineages inherited from hunter-gatherers were more prevalent in the west. Farmer populations arriving in Finland not only from the west and south but also from the east provides a potential explanation for this.
Resarch findings previously published by the SUGRIGE-project:
Ancient DNA shows the Sámi and Finns share identical Siberian genes
SUGRIGE project
The study was carried out under SUGRIGE, a project focused on Finno-Ugric ancient genes, at the University of Helsinki and the University of Turku.The study was funded, among others, by the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, the Kone Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Emil Aaltonen Foundation and the Academy of Finland.
Contacts and sources:
Sanni Överstim Päivi Onkamo
University of Helsinki
Citation: Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry (2019).
Sanni Översti, Kerttu Majander, Elina Salmela, Kati Salo, Laura Arppe, Stanislav Belskiy, Heli Etu-Sihvola, Ville Laakso, Esa Mikkola, Saskia Pfrengle, Mikko Putkonen, Jussi-Pekka Taavitsainen, Katja Vuoristo, Anna Wessman, Antti Sajantila, Markku Oinonen, Wolfgang Haak, Verena J. Schuenemann, Johannes Krause, Jukka U. Palo, Päivi Onkamo. Scientific Reports, DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-51045-8
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/11/early-dna-lineages-from-finland-shed.html
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